The INAH3 measurement of the homosexual men was apparently smaller than that of the heterosexual males, and bigger than that of the heterosexual girls, though neither distinction fairly reached statistical significance. In 2011 and 2014, the Journal of Cognition and Culture printed two research that found that Canadian homosexual men exhibited considerably greater altruistic tendencies toward kin versus non-kin kids relative to heterosexual women and men, however didn't find that Canadian homosexual males exhibited considerably larger altruistic habits towards nieces and nephews over geographic disconnect. In 2018, Archives of Sexual Behavior revealed a examine comparing avuncular tendencies between heterosexual and homosexual men on Java in Indonesia that discovered that homosexual males reported an increased willingness to transfer assets and money toward nephews and nieces however solely reduced the direct reproductive value to homosexual men by 20%, with the researchers concluding that kin selection alone was an insufficient rationalization of male homosexuality. In 2017, Archives of Sexual Behavior printed a research investigating differences in fertility rates of the paternal and maternal biological family members of 191 fa'afafine and 191 homosexual Samoan male subjects that found that the mothers and maternal grandmothers of fa'afafine confirmed elevated fertility as compared with homosexual men but not for paternal grandmothers or aunts, which led the researchers to conclude that their findings in Samoa for an antagonistic pleiotropy explanation of homosexuality offered only equivocal support.
