The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England within the 16th century, and now is a part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as properly because the Flag of the Republic of Georgia. It appeared again because the flag of the short-lived Paris Commune in 1871. It was then adopted by Karl Marx and the new European movements of socialism and communism. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Saint Denis Basilica outside Paris in the early twelfth century, he added stained glass windows colored blue cobalt glass and pink glass tinted with copper. Together they flooded the basilica with a mystical light. In Venice, Titian was the master of positive reds, significantly vermilion; he used many layers of pigment combined with a semi-transparent glaze, which let the sunshine cross by way of, to create a more luminous colour. Within the 18th century, crimson began to take on a new identity as the color of resistance and revolution. In 1793-94, red became the coloration of the French Revolution. Soviet Russia adopted a red flag following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The People's Republic of China adopted the red flag following the Chinese Communist Revolution.
